Carbonemys
Name:
Carbonemys
(Carbon turtle).
Phonetic: Car-bon-em-iss.
Named By: E. A. Cadena, D. T. Ksepka,
C. A. Jaramillo & J. I. Bloch. -2012.
Classification: Chordata, Reptilia, Testudines,
Pleurodira, Podocnemididae.
Species: C. cofrinii (type).
Diet: Uncertain/Carnivore?
Size: Shell up to 1.72 meters long. Skull
about 25 centimetres long.
Known locations: Columbia - Cerrej�n Formation.
Time period: Selandian to the Thanetian of the
Palaeocene.
Fossil representation: Partial shell and skull.
The
Carbonemys holotype remains were first discovered in
a coal mine, and
since coal is essentially fossilised carbon, the name Carbonemys
was
chosen for the genus. The form of the shell is very interesting as it
indicates that Carbonemys would have been a member
of the Pleurodira,
a group better known as the ‘side-necked turtles’. Side-necked
turtles tend to have proportionately longer necks than other turtles,
which means that they are too long to retract inwards under the
shell. Because of this problem, these turtles instead bend their
necks to one side so that they lay against the body and under the ridge
of the carapace (upper shell), hence the name ‘side-necked
turtle’.
Of
course, being of a physically large size means that not many
predators would pose a threat to you. However, even though the
dinosaurs seem to have gone extinct from South America just a few
millions of years before the first known of appearance of Carbonemys,
giant super predators had already appeared on the landscape. For
example, the giant snake Titanoboa,
which at the time of writing
may be the largest snake so far discovered, is also known from the
same formation as Carbonemys. The presence of a
giant turtle and a
giant snake at the same time as one another is a good indication as to
the kinds of fauna that rose up to replace the ecological gaps that
were left behind by the extinction of the dinosaurs, and would
continue to be quite dominant until the combined rise of mammals and
birds.
Skull
remains of Carbonemys are also known, and the
form of the skull
indicates that Carbonemys had a very strong bite.
One idea is that
these jaws may have been used for crunching through the armoured bodies
of crocodiles such as the genus Cerrejonisuchus,
which as the name
suggests is also from the Cerrej�n Formation. However it must be
remembered that the mouth of Carbonemys could have
been used to kill
either animals or crop vegetation, or perhaps even both. We also
can’t look to other modern turtles of the Pleurodira because some
genera are carnivorous while others are herbivorous, which can only
further confusion as to the speculated diet of Carbonemys.
Only the
stomach contents of multiple individuals of Carbonemys
could give us a
clearer idea as to the exact diet of this genus.
Further reading
- New pelomedusoid turtles from the late Palaeocene Cerrejon
Formation of Colombia and their implications for phylogeny and body
size evolution. - Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
10(2):313-331 - E. A. Cadena, D. T. Ksepka, C.
A. Jaramillo & J. I. Bloch. -2012.
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